Wednesday, February 24, 2010

Uncle Frank’s War Diary and some letters from Molly.





Frank and Molly at the zoo,

Easter Monday, 1941













A LETTER FROM MOLLY TO FRANK

The letter is in really bad condition. It is written in cursive in fountain pen. It is dated in the top right hand corner: Monday 6.11.44
My Darling Husband Frank,

Congratulations and very best of good wishes for our 2nd Anniversary, and do hope it wont be long before you are home again and continue on those 6 very happy months which were the happiest days of my life, and thanks ever so much for them Frank Dear, and it's only you who can make me so happy. I hope and pray to God that [indecipherable] send you back safe and well and a speedy return. And I do love you so much. And I could never tell you in writing just how much I do love you. I hope you get this parcel for the 21st and enjoy it as much as I have enjoyed packing it. I only wish it was something bigger and better. I'll close now and God Bless you and once again I wish you the very best of good wishes and good health. Lots of Love and Kisses. From your ever loving wife Molly xxx



Uncle Frank's War Diary.


This is a true transcription of the War Diary of my great uncle Frank James Alder, VX92353.
He served with the 2/3rd Battalion of the AIF from 1943 to 1946.
The diary covers the time 21st December 1944 to 27th November 1945.
Historical Background:

The 2/3rd Bn was part of the 6th Division, AIF. In 1944 they were sent to Northern New Guinea to take over the Aitape area from the outgoing US forces. The US Army had repelled at least one major attack by the Japanese in the area. On arrival the 6th Division went on the offensive and pushed to Wewak. The campaign is officially called the Aitape-Wewak campaign, and it was the last of the 2/3rd Bn in the War.

The controversy around this campaign is mostly about whether it was necessary at all, in that the Japanese in the area had already been largely defeated and posed no strategic risk to the overall objective of defeating Japan. The decision to send the 6th Division back into battle so late in the War was vexed. On the one hand, much of this Division, the most experienced in the AIF, had just spent the last two whole years sitting on the Atherton Tablelands in QLD. When first brought back from the Middle East, the positioning of the division there made sense as it was the most effective and experienced fighting force in the AIF and if Australia were attacked by the Japanese the 6th Division would form the main defence force for the continent. Parts of the Division (including the 2/3rd Bn) had served in New Guinea through the Kokoda and Beachheads campaigns. But many of the men who had not successfully transferred out of the Division had seen no fighting for two years, particularly those who joined upon the Division's return from the Middle East. Doubtless some were keen to get back in the fight before the War ended.

On the other hand the 6th Division had already fought in North Africa, culminating in the defeat of the Italians at Bardia. Then it had been sent to Greece, where it fought the Germans. Some of the Division had then fought on Crete, while some of the Division (including the 2/3rd Bn) had fought in Syria against the French. And again, parts of the Division had already seen some very vicious fighting in New Guinea. As the 6th was the first AIF Division raised in 1939, many of its men had already been serving continuously for five years, a length of time rarely surpassed in Allied armies. A widely held belief was that the deployment of the men of the 6th Division in a campaign of questionable strategic worth at a time when the end of the war was in sight, was an unnecessary and cruel burden to put on those who had already given so much. The 2/3rd Bn could rightly claim to be firmly in this second category of men, having already fought the Italians, Germans, French, and Japanese. The 2/3rd was one of only two battalions in the AIF to fight all Australia's enemies in WW2 (the other was the 2/5th) and I believe only one other battalion in the whole Allied forces also saw action against all enemies.

The campaign itself was a difficult but steady advance in two prongs along the coast. The Japanese fought delaying actions all the way. This resulted in an ongoing series of nasty engagements, none of them really set piece battles, but ugly and vicious nonetheless. It was a campaign of patrols and manoeuvring through thick jungle. The fighting itself, which you will see Frank experienced, was close and confused and terrifying. Perhaps because of the relatively small scale of the engagements the fighting became extremely personal, local, and ruthless. Nearly all the fighting took place at close range. It was a fight of bayonets and grenades, and for most of the time neither side took prisoners.

The Diary is no record of great fighting deeds. Frank was awarded no special citations. He was 24 years old when he landed in New Guinea. He liked cartoons and movies. He was deeply in love with Molly, his wife, forever. He was also seriously Catholic. He had been the gardener at the convent in Oakleigh, and then worked as a chill attendant (?) for the Dept of Munitions before leaving to join the AIF in May, 1943. In total he was in the Army for 590 days, on 345 of them he was overseas.

The diary is in a small, square ruled notebook, more like a paybook, but with the word 'Notes' written in cursive relief on the front. The cover was originally purply-brown but has largely worn away on the front. I have not fixed spelling or grammar mistakes, nor annotated historical inaccuracies.

The inside cover has: VX92353 PTE Alder F. J. HQ Coy, 2/3 A.I.B.N. A.I.F
(he is soon to transfer into a line company)

The diary is printed in capitals using fountain pen and then, after July 1944 in pencil.
The back pages of the diary contain a record of outward mail to his wife, Molly, and a page of friends and family addresses.



The Diary:


Embarked at Cairns 21 Dec 1944 for Service in New Guinea.


Ship "Bontekoe". Dutch.
Disembarked at Aitape. N.G. 17-12-44.
Queit trip. Xmas day at sea. Beer issue ½ bottle per man. Rec 9 letters N.Y.Eve. Attended 'Sing-sing' N. Years Day at "ANGAU" village. Interesting. Left Aitape on advance party 20th Jan for "Idakabul" on Danmap river to relieve 2/8 BN – 19 Bde. Washed out at jnc 20-1-45 at commando camp. On 27th big flood down Danmar. Damage serious. 7 lives lost. I lost 12/6- . Saw first Jap P.O.W. (2) approx 24 Jan. Bn moved up Jan 25 – 29. First patrol Jan 28th. Uneventable. Crossed to A Coy Jan 12th from HQ Coy. Weather wet. Dropping ground at Marlin. 3 changes of commd first fortnight. Capt Gibbons O.C., Lt Boyer 2 i/c.

FEBRUARY
Everything in full swing. Patrols every day. I average one about every six days. Casualties light. Lt Pope died in hospital after operation for head wound. Ratio 1 Australian killed for approx 12 Japs. Hills very steep and mud everywhere. Just about had it several times. Nobby killed accidently. Tucker very good.


MARCH
6th March, Coy relieved by B Coy, 2/3 AMGB down on coast at Annum River on 6th March. 2/2Bn in font, 2/1 Bn rear. Surf not suitable. Very rough. And heavy. Big dumpers. Rain very heavy. Papers and parcels arrive. Returned to AITAPE on 14 March with Lt. Boyer to rear details. Received by post first comic from Molly March 16th. Second March 28th. Easter 30 M. – 1st April. Good Friday 30 March. Boys going well up front. Malaria prominent. To AITAPE by jeep.

APRIL
Had a good rest at AITAPE. Plenty of pictures. Saw "Laura", "Mrs Partinction", "Going my way", "The Princess and the Pirate". Bob Hope technicolour, and other shows. Left AITAPE per barge (Australian) for BN at DAGUA on 20 Apr. Arrived 21st. Trip weary. Dist approx 60 miles. Left barge at BUT. Saw first Jap plane. RAAF working on it. Dozens Jap wrecked planes on DAGUA airstrip. 96 bombers and 120 fighters at BUT and DAGUA strips.
Wonganarra Mission captured behind Dagua early in month. Biggest stoush up till then. Cas 2k, 2w (1 off. K.). Very lucky. Japs approx 27 k. Missed Jap general. Light cas due to work of "Boongs".
Rec telegram at DAGUA from Molly. News father in law RIP passing on. Went to Mass 22 Apr Sun same day. Rec 3 bottles beer at KARAWOP. Arrived at BOIKEN 27 April. First Jap mines and morters between KARAWOP and BOIKEN. Tanks came into action for first time this side of KARAWOP. Results excellent against bunkers etc.
Changed to C Coy 22nd April with Capt Boyer. 19th Bde passed through at HIAWIAN river. This side BOIKEN mortared by Japs three times. At BOIKEN. No damage or cas. Weather generally fine. Malaria and Typhus very bad. BOIKEN was formerly plantation and R.C. Mission. Padre Glover RC 2/1 BN used to minister to natives at BOIKEN. Church and school wrecked. Nuns taken P.O.W. by Japs is the report. Recovered later at Hollandia I believe. Fr Glover celebrated Mass at BOIKEN on Sunday April 29 in portion of the Mission cemetery. Good attend!

MAY
On Sunday 29 April left BOIKEN in company 2 plns + Coy HQ of C Coy for a recce patrol of hills behind BOIKEN. Back on Monday afternoon was planned. Ran into Japs Mon AM and fight lasted 3 days. Cas 5 K 9 W. Japs 26 K. Hetric time. Water scarce. No shave for 5 days or wash either. Ran out of ammo Wed AM. Pioneers arrived with same just in time. Full Company plus 1 Pln "D" Coy relieved by "A" Coy on Friday 4th. On Tues night Japs attacked and harassed all night. No Cas. Nerve-wracking mainly. Grenades and S.A. fire mainly used. This was the first time to our knowledge that flamethrowers were used by AIF. Results excellent. On return to coast camped by beach ½ way BOIKEN and HIAHIAN river. Fishing first class. Several feed of same made welcome change of diet. 1 meal of shark very good. Pictures at BOIKEN "B" Coy! 9 DIV landed Tarakan early in May. V-E Day May 8 Germany beaten! Spell very welcome. Local patrols only. Thur May 24 – 2 day patrol to TEWE village via POROM. Police boys object contact natives and bring them into ANGAU. Natives shot through with Japs. Heard BN got onto them later in June while I was in hospital. We returned with four natives only. Japs 2 K on way home! Spent bad night at TEWE. Shivers etc. Only made camp through boong carrying gear for me and Lt. Broadfoot my rifle. Sat May 26th felt trifle better but went out to 2/1 FLD AMB on Sun 27 with Malaria. Thence to DAGUA to 13/14 FLD AMB where caught plane to 2/11 AGH, AITAPE. First ride in plane. Enjoyed it as well as able to. Better looking down on hills than climbing them. Pretty scenes from above. In hospital at AITAPE for fortnight. Nurses wonderful and great company.



JUNE
Went Commie before leaving hospital. Good examination by DR before leaving. Left AITAPE per Yank barge for BN on Sat 9 June. BN at BORAM. "B" Coy killed 57 Japs. Lt Doug Adams sev. W. And Pte Nicholl "C" Coy killed. Quiet trip up in barge. Landed at Cape BORAM. BN moved down to CAPE PUSS 2 days before hand. Followed on. Greeted by issue of 6 bottles of beer. Missed "The Great Waltz" at both AITAPE and BN. Saw "The keys of the Kingdom" at both places. Saw results of damage to WEWAK by RAAF and AIF for first time returning to BN. Rec approx 30 reos toward end of month. Mid year hamper A.C.F. distributed end of June. Japan being belted about by USAF and us and British battle and Task Forces. 7 DIV lands at BALIKPAPAN late June or early July. BN resting. One or two scares down at 2/1 BN and at Engrs. Capt Boyer left for India, British Army.


JULY
BN resting early July. Camped WEWAK side CAP PUSS ½ way CAPE WDM. Parcel and papers in. Molly sent book of Felix the Cat. Rec on July 15th tin of sweets and a yo-yo on 19th. Same had followed me to 2/11 AGH and back. Left coast on 28th advance party to relieve 19th Bde and in 14 days 2/2 Bn. Transport per truck as far as WAIRU Mission where Pte Kenna 2/4th won VC. Route then over hills to Mount Shibarangui. Arrived 2pm echured completely after 6 or 7 weeks of spine bashing. 29th proceeded to the "Blot". Wonderful view 30 mls with naked eye towards SEPIK RVR. Mt. SHIB 1,640 ft. BLOT 1,620 ft. Weather generally fine. Engineers reached top of MT SHIB, working on big road.


AUGUST
2nd Moved over to HAMBAUIZ. To "D" Coy. 2/2 Bn copping it 2,000 yds ahead on BAMAHEITA RIDGE. Food dropping by plane did store. Tucker ok. Casualties coming back to adv fld amb at HAMBRAUIZ. Arty party attachment overseas radio news at 7am and 6pm. Russia entered war against Japan on 8th. 1st atomic bomb 10th, 2nd 13th. Jap surrender offer 10th Fri. Molly's birthday 14th. Wrote letter special on 26th (?). VJ Day 15th. Great news. Every happy with visions of being home for the cup and Xmas. Moved down to coast to R details on 28th. Lt Broadfoot left for Aussie under 5 yr plan. Also Maj Williams and 50 Ors. On 31st Jack Clarke Len Cass Tom Capel, about 20 HQ Coy chaps. Rejoined HQ Coy. 3rd Sept with 5 Pln pioneers. Wrote to Oak on 2nd accepting offer to claim. Wrote 11 pager to Molly on 8th. Work in building camp, not too bad. Weather fine, also surf. Plenty of rumours flying about hard to believe what is right or wrong. YM built by boongs. Bn came down from hills toward end of month (Sept)

SEPT
Above wrong Sept starts on line 6 from top of page [this would be with 'Wrote to Oak . . .]. Sept very quiet. Pictures twice a week.

October
Things as usual. Rumours plentiful. Tucker very bad for a couple of weeks. Letters to the paper and Mr. Forde worked wonders. Boys very discontented generally. Food and lack of shipping main cause. Caulfied Cup won by St. Fairy 20th Oct. DIV parade at WEWAK on Fri 26th. Tom told us Army trying to get us home for Xmas: But shipping very scarce. Rec Pacific Star and the 1939 – 45 Star. 2 days leave credited for VJ Day. Lt General Robinson accepted Lt Gen Adachi surrender at WEWAK strip. Big parade. Japs coming in ok. Total on Muschu Island 12,000 odd. Dying at rate of 200 per week. Beri beri and malnutrition main cause. Demob started Oct 1st. Points system.

NOVEMBER
Rumours and rumours of rumours. Things not too bright for Xmas. Point list out. All under 135 going to 8th Bde in exchange 180 and over. 135 to 179 being used to relieve high pointers at various places. 56 to LAE and MORESBY on the 28th Oct. On 3rd Nov 260 to the 8th Bde. Rec 460 in exchange. On the 10th Nov only approx 100 old chaps 2/3rd Bn left in unit. 3rd Nov back T Star (2/-) at 20 / 1. Cup day on Tues 6th Nov. Backed winner Rain Bird 12/1 (5 / x) saw Cup film on Sat 10th. Rec special from Molly for 13th on 12th. OK too. Claim came through on 12th Nov. Saw demob officer on 13th. Med exam on same day. Everything ok. Wrote to Molly and Oakleigh. Hope to be home soon, Xmas. Wrote special for 21st to Molly on the 14th. Rec same on 18th very nice and welcomed. Rec ACP issue on 18th. Very happy on 11th on a/c of dream. Just about given up hope of seeing Melbourne for Xmas, when on the 24th after coming back from the pcts and just nearly asleep when informed to report to demob. Told going home next day at 7am aboard HMAS Shropshire or Bataan. Much rushing about packing etc. and wrote to Molly and home to bed approx 12.30 AM. Up at 4.15 breakfast at B Coy 5 AM, down at beachhead at 6.45 AM. Boarded Shropshire approx 8.30 AM. Left WEWAK 10am. Last saw N.G. around 6.30 PM, near LAE. Roast pork for dinner, very nice. Wonderful lot of chaps aboard. 590 AIF. 806 men and 200 officers in crew. Pcts Sun night 25th "Dead Men Tell No Tales". Having great time everyone happy. Had first ice cream in 16 months on 27th. 3 helpings. Meals first class, at 6.30 AM, 1 PM and 7 PM with tea at 4 PM, cuppa and bread. 100 cigs issued 27th. Fired Bofor gun A-A 6 rds. Nice gun. Band recital ship's band at 11.30 AM to 12.30 PM. Crossed Coral Sea 27th. Hope to be in Sydney Friday AM. Talk by Maj Cozier on Japanese plays, ways, life and beliefs – very interesting. Opposite Townsville approx 4 AM on 28 Nov. Trip ok and not too hard to take music every day before lunch. Opposite Brisbane 10 AM 29th. First sight of good old Aussie at the same time. Welcome sight. Saw H.S Manunda 10.30 am. Also 6 dolphins and 3 porpoises_





A LETTER FROM MOLLY TO FRANK
The letter is written in cursive fountain pen on lined paper. It is dated in the top right hand corner: 17/12/43
3 P.M.
My Darling Husband Frank,
I only hope I'm in time to send this for you to get it by Friday, although I'm doubtful as it's only a week off. I'm also sending cake at same time today and didn't bother to put a letter in that too, so I hope you get both together. I really didn't think I'd be sending you one and that's why I'm late in sending it as when I went to [Manton's] and Myers they have stopped making them and so Alice and I went to home made cake shop near their place and to my disappointment they were only closed 1 day out of 7 and that is Monday. I got this cake out at Richmond after waiting a few days for Adam's to get theirs in, so I thought this one was better than none at all, although it isn't iced and it's a bit small for the tin but managed to fill it up and I only hope the tins are not spoilt by being too crushed up. I only hope you get as much fun opening it and eating them as I've had in packing them as it's been a pleasure and I would like to see your face at the 2 tins. I did intend to do this last night and another reason why I didn't mind having day off. If I'm not too late, a Merry Xmas and a Happy New Year and I only wish I was there too. Lots of Love and Kisses from your ever loving wife Molly. xxxxxxxxxx

Monday, February 8, 2010

Channel Country Poem VIII


At night, with the airfeel thick, he lifts her arm

so she can feel him seeing

the salty blue lightning of her veins trickling

slowly beneath her skin.


This is a place of carpet-smell, of insects at windows,

of her dark ignoring eyes and his funny snuffling face.

In the channels, yabbies sift through soft mud

beneath massive grey clouds creased with black, coming over

immensely.


There is a mosquito hunting us in this room.

We hide beneath loose striped sheets, even in sleep

our heavy limbs angle to knots.

To be an adult is to realise you are never alone, though

always deeply lonely.


He is afraid the dogs he buried in the backyard

will some day come back barking.

She is watching for any sign of wakeness

and for the uncoupling of heat and air she knows

will cool the morning.



Thursday, February 4, 2010

Existence Dancing in the Formless Void


God it was funny watching her learn to dance

with that thing on her head – that black hat

throwing galaxies and that cup in her hand

spilling bits of being-aware

all over the place.


She never fell though

everyone said she would, she got over


the speed of her light feet and the need to understand.

Instead she just danced

and smiled that way at you

when you know it's important but you don't know what it means for sure,


but you're hopeful.

Tuesday, February 2, 2010

A Victimless Crime


  • Look you see it just up there past the bakery? That blue sign. That's where he's going to come out of.

  • Well can you see it?
  • Yep.
  • C'mon I said don't be scared this is a victimless crime.
  • I just don't want anything to happen.
  • He's a genius you know. We're lucky to know him.

  • Look, do you want me to drive?
  • No no it's ok can you just let me go?
  • Not yet, don't worry mate this is all going to go off no problems. Just sit tight.

  • Shouldn't be long.
  • What do you want me to do when he comes out?
  • Just drive around the corner is all. It won't take more than a minute and you can go back to whatever it was you were doing. Christ it's hot today is the air-conditioning on?
  • It doesn't work unless we're actually driving.
  • You know what he said to me one day? God it was hot then too we were waiting and you'll like this you've got to just love this we're waiting in line in the morning outside in the yard right you ever been in prison?
  • Only once.
  • Really?
  • Drunk in a public place they locked me up for a few hours.
  • Right. And this guy next to us says he's going to count to twenty in his head an' if the boss screw hasn't come out by then he's gunna say something.

  • And so we all wait and after a bit he says like 'Right I've counted that's it.' And you know what Beano says?
  • No.
  • He says 'You missed sixteen.'

  • Get it?

  • You get it, the guy? Like he was reading his mind. And the guy looks confused for a second and you know what Beano says?
  • No.
  • He says, like just confident and all you know, he says 'You'd better start again.' Ha. And the guy, get this, the guy does start again and I'm looking at his face and you can just see he's making sure, bloody sure, that he's counting every number. Fucking hilarious.
  • Do you want to take the car?
  • No no not at all.

  • It's a whatyoucallit a money transferring place business. They move money around the world for trading and stuff. You wouldn't know it on a street like this would you? Just a little glass door, an office.
  • Suppose the rent's cheaper than in the city.
  • Yeah and he lives nearby. Not far anyway. Don't feel like a victim or anything right this is nothing against you you know you just happened to be here. We have absolutely nothing against you, personally.
  • You have that gun.
  • Yeah but look, this is all going to just happen nice and easy and then you can go back to your life. In a way you're lucky you know. You're not going to get hurt but here you are, plucked out of life and you get to be involved in this amazing thing. You're gunna be famous when they hear about this. All the media and the cops and everything. You'll be able to tell your grandkids you met Beano and Jimmy. Fuck I'm doing you a favour.
  • How long does he need to be in there for?
  • Not long. What's your name?
  • Ken.
  • I'm Jimmy, Ken. Nice to meet you. I won't ask you to shake hands given the situation but I'm sending you good brain waves Ken. You feel those waves Ken you'll know this is all cool as cucumber.
  • Right.


  • So what's he doing then?
  • Right now?
  • Yeah right now.
  • Well right now he's probably playing the tapes. Not really tapes but a little thingy in a Dictaphone thing you know?
  • What tapes?
  • Now Ken, there are things you want to know and things you don't want to know, you know?
  • OK.


  • You really want to know?
  • While we're waiting.
  • OK then so listen it's really cool and I can tell you're a good bloke so I'll tell you what's happening because I guess anyway you're going to find out when the cops come after you. And that's another thing while I remember it I have to tell you Ken that once you drop us off you can go straight to the cops ok? Don't think we'll hold anything against you ok? You've just got to do what you think is the right thing and we don't want you personally to get into any trouble so you just go off to the police straight away ok? The cop shop is just up the road right, just back up there and turn left. You drive there ok? You drive there and tell them what's happened.

  • OK?
  • OK.
  • Alright. So you still want to know what's happening?
  • Yes. I guess so.
  • It's so cool. This guy up there in that office right, like I told you it's a money transfer place or something right. So he lives about say five blocks down there and Beano found out because, well, actually that's not part of it. The guy is not a victim either really it's completely random. It's not about him at all. Beano found the company out of the yellow pages and then found the guy's address somehow. But anyhow the point is this we bugged his house right. I waited in the car that time too. Beano just went right in and put this little recorder thing in the roof, climbed up through the manhole in the ceiling when they were out.

  • And this recorder thing it's voice activated right and it can stay on for like weeks. It's really expensive let me tell you but you can buy them from like most technical kind of shops. So we left it there you follow?
  • I think so.
  • And what do you think we picked up when we went back to get the recorder and took it back to the flat and listened to it?
  • Dunno.
  • C'mon think about it. We just picked up a whole lot of like normal family shit. You ever have a normal family because let me tell you they are not the same as a normal-normal family like most of the people I know had. Anyway he has a wife and a daughter and the wife works in the city doing some kind of insurance shit, which is funny, which is going to be funny anyway, later. And the daughter you know she's in primary school up at North Brunswick you know it, just up on the corner there.
  • Yeah I know it.
  • She's in like grade five or something. Beautiful girl from the sound of her voice but I've never seen her.
  • Is that him?
  • Huh? No that's not him that person came out of the next shop down. I hope.

  • And so anyway Beano, the fucking genius man did I tell you he's a fucking genius for this? He gets all that recording shit and puts it on his computer and splices it up so it's got things on it like when the girl says like 'Daddy!!' or like 'Help!!' or something over some shit like she's lost her doll or she's fallen over or something right. And he's got the wifey saying things like 'This is serious' or whatever over the telephone bill or something. So you can see where this is going right?
  • I think so.
  • So Beano has these spliced sentences kind of thing and right now he's gone up there to that office and sat the guy down and told him that we have kidnapped his daughter and his wife and he's got to transfer some money or else right? Plays him the tape as proof.
  • Jesus.
  • But that's the thing Ken, we haven't got his wife or daughter at all, the girl's at school and the wifey's at work and all as normal you know? There is no victim here really.
  • The guy can't be too happy.
  • You know what these fuckers do for a living Ken? You know how much money they have?
  • No but still.
  • You've got a lot to learn boyo.
  • So then what, I mean what will happen next?
  • Well so now the guy's going to transfer a shitload of money into bank accounts we set up in places I don't think I should tell you the right location of but anyway and this is the hard bit, in a way.
  • What?
  • Well these people aren't like banks and that right they can transfer money straight away you see, that's why it only works with this kind of money transfer business. This is not retail Ken this is fucking wholesale money man. They clear hundreds of millions of dollars around the world every day, this guy, apparently, can move it like now, there's no waiting you know?
  • Hmm.
  • But there is a small gap of time, like a few minutes. So we've got guys waiting at the other end and when the money is transferred through which shit I'll tell you one accounts is in Japan can you guess why Japan?
  • A long way away?
  • Yes but on the same time-zone. Huh? You never thought of that did you? So once the money is transferred we got four guys waiting outside four banks in Japan and Beano will give them a text and then they go and withdraw the money.
  • How much money are we talking about here?
  • That depends. More than a couple of mill.
  • How can they carry that much cash?
  • This is Japan we're talking about Ken. Each will take out a few mill and we're off.
  • You got to trust those guys.
  • That's the hard bit Ken I'll admit that I've never met them. And the coordination of it all, that's the hard bit also. But we'll also be transferring money to an account in the Bahamas, which over there the banks stay open longer so it will be only just on closing time when the money's transferred in. Same deal but only one guy will go in and withdraw the money in US dollars and fly out that night to a destination I really can not tell you. Kind of our own insurance you know as the Japan guys don't know about the Bahama guy and vice versa. So you see, victimless.
  • Still a lot of fear.
  • Fear yes I'll admit that we are giving this guy some fear but think about it, when he realises that actually his daughter is fine and happy and playing on the monkey bars or whatever how do you think he's going to feel?
  • Relieved.
  • You can fucking bet on it man he is going to realise how much he loves his family like big time. Really big time he's going to go into all that love again and honestly, like, I'll tell you when we were listening to the tapes, there was not an overabundance of love in that family like right now Ken, but after this, shit, there's going to be big love. So we're doing him a favour in a way too. And shit the money's bound to be insured so he's not going to lose anything anyway. No victims at all. Fucking genius.
  • How long is it going to take to transfer the money? I mean how long until he comes out?
  • Shouldn't be long.



  • Look. That's him.
  • What's he waving at us for?
  • I dunno we better go take a look.
  • You want me to come?
  • Ken I think it would be better, just stay calm and walk with me.
  • Fuck Jimmy I don't know.
  • Ken just do this for me it will all be over soon. Lock the car.


  • Beano?
  • Jimmy who's this?
  • It's Ken is everything ok?




Beano: Close the door.

Jimmy: Where's the receptionist girl?

Beano: They're in here, quick come through. Lock the front door.

Jimmy: Holy Fuck Beano what happened?

Beano: It was an accident I fucking swear man I was just holding it and he was doing the computer thing and the girl was standing right over there, right next to him and I'm holding it like this and then fucking bang bang it goes off.

Jimmy: Twice? It goes off twice?

Beano: No man fucking four times at least it just goes off I swear I hardly touched the trigger at all.

Jimmy: He's a fucking mess. She looks ok.

Beano: But they're neither of them moving.

Jimmy: Ken I'm really sorry about this this is not what was meant to happen you know.

Ken:

Beano: I swear it was an accident.

Ken:

Jimmy: Look at the computer did he transfer the money or what?

Beano: I think so, I mean I can't tell it says it's thinking.

Jimmy: Thinking?

Beano: Yeah it just says transferring and there's this little bar that's sort of growing across the screen I guess it must be doing it now but it's been doing it for about three minutes.

Jimmy: And what you've just been watching it?

Beano: Well it's moving really slowly see?

Jimmy: Did it go for both accounts?

Beano: I don't fucking know. I think so. I mean he was playing with the computer for a while before it happened.

Jimmy: Shit.

Ken:

Beano: Look it's stopped moving. But it hasn't finished it's only about three quarters through.

Jimmy: What if it's crashed?

Beano: Maybe I should call the boys and they can go in and just see if the money's there?

Jimmy: Up to you.

Beano: We'll just give it another minute.

Ken:

Jimmy:

Beano:

Ken:

Beano: It's moving again. I think it's done it.

Jimmy: Thank fuck for that. What about these two?

Beano: We can't do anything about it now. Maybe Ken can you stay here, call an ambulance or something?

Ken: Whatever you say.

Beano: Yeah that's a good idea can we take your car still?

Ken: Absolutely.

Jimmy: Great. Give us the keys then we'll leave it round the corner in Blythe Street you know Blythe Street?

Ken: Yep.

Beano: OK let's go.

Jimmy:

Beano: Jimmy?

Ken:

Beano: Jimmy?

Jimmy: No it's useless. We can't do this Beano.

Beano: What? What do you mean? Let's go.

Jimmy: We can't do this now.

Beano: Holy fuck Jimmy what do you mean? We've got to get out of here right now.

Ken:

Jimmy: Ken I think you understand.

Ken: Take the car Jimmy I swear just take the car.

Jimmy: It's not about you Ken. This is a whole different league we're in now.

Beano: Fuck sake Jimmy.

Jimmy: Beano you know I'm right. It's your fault you shot those people.

Beano: I already told you that was a mistake.

Ken: I'll tell them it was a mistake I swear I'll tell them that Jimmy.

Jimmy: It's not your fault Ken, I'm not saying that, I'm not putting any blame on you personally at all, you understand.

Beano: What?

Jimmy: We can't just leave him here like this.

Tuesday, January 26, 2010

Piano at night.


Why don't you sit down and play piano for me for a while?

and I'll sit here,

take my boots off,

drink this wine

here's a glass for you we'll just leave the lamp on.

Your notes through the darkness,

and our halo-ed house

smell of rain after a hot day.


Here's the red and white tea-towel you can wipe the sweat from your fingers with,

and I'll sit here

on this thick wooden chair that wobbles

if you let it,

you don't have to play anything big any old thing will do

it's really about you

not the music,


you and me and this night you smile when your fingers touch those keys.



Thursday, December 31, 2009

The 2/29th Battalion intelligence summary regarding Muar to Parit Sulong


On the 18th of January 1942 the 2/29 Bn was attacked, surrounded and almost overrun by the Japanese 5th Imperial Guards Army near Muar. The survivors joined the 2/19th Bn in a withdrawal heading to Yong Peng via Parit Sulong. They put the wounded in trucks and those that could walk marched along beside the trucks with a small force out front and one protecting the rear. They fought all the way, overcoming at least five major road blocks. They fought with completely inappropriate weapons as they had been heading for the middle east before being rushed to Malaysia. Massively outnumbered and constantly attacked and taking severe casualties the force finally arrived at Parit Sulong on the 22nd January to find the Japanese in unassailable positions on the other side of the bridge. Nevertheless they attacked but were beaten back. By now they had run out of ammunition and it was apparent no relief force would or could fight through to them. They had also run out of medical supplies and had no way to look after the wounded.

Col Anderson (later awarded a VC) ordered the men to disperse, leaving the wounded behind, and try to make their way through the jungle to Yong Peng.

More than a thousand men went with the 2/29th Bn to Muar. Only 130 survived to Yong Peng.

The 150 wounded left behind at Parit Sulong were pulled out of the trucks and massacred against the wall of a nearby building by the Japanese. Amazingly three men survived even this and at least one (Lt. Hackney) was even able to survive the war. The Japanese commander was later executed for war crimes.

The 2/29th Bn received over 500 reinforcements, mostly untrained men rushed from recruiting depots in Australia. Many of these men had not been given any training or even a gun until they were on the boat headed for Singapore. The 2/29 Bn then fought in the defence of Singapore until being surrendered with the rest of the 8th Division on the 15th February.

The fight from Muar to Parit Sulong and then to Yong Peng is not well known in Australia. One of the main reasons for this is that hardly anyone survived. Another reason is that the story was perhaps subsumed in the larger story of the catastrophe at Singapore. But that fighting withdrawal by less than 2,000 men (and decreasing all the time) held up the entire 5th Guards Army for five days, a feat remarked upon by the Japanese general at the time, and a feat unsurpassed in Australian history in terms of sheer determination.


Below is a transcript of the actual intelligence summary for the 2/29th Bn from 18th to 23rd January, the pdf of the original of which is available online at http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/war_diaries/second_world_war/diary.asp?levelID=1063



This is a full transcript of the Intelligence Summary for the 2/29 Battalion from the morning of the 18th of January to the evening of the 23rd of January, 1942. To the best of my knowledge this has never been transcribed before.

As it is has been copied from a handwritten document some of the wording was very difficult to identify. My creed has been to only transcribe what I am certain is correct. When I am unsure but strongly suspect the word's identity I have put the word in [brackets]. When I have not been able to decipher the writing I have put [indec].

I am not including an index to the elisions used, nor of the military terms. Most should be pretty obvious ('Bn' means Battalion, 'A/Tk' means Anti-tank, 'Ors' means 'Other Ranks' which is Army for privates and non-commissioned officers) though some may be a little more challenging, and some I don't have the foggiest about. Perhaps just one you should know is 'B Ech' means B Echelon and was the group of trucks and carriers assigned to carry food / ammunition and medical supplies from the dump to the troops in the line. Though not mentioned in the Summary the B Ech was itself overrun and almost wiped out. I have not attempted to 'unelide' the wording for two reasons. Firstly, this is meant to be an accurate transcription. Secondly, the language used is itself evocative of the chaos of the times in which it was written.

As an extra I have also transcribed some of the other documents found in the relevant file on the Australian War Memorial website. I have done so out of pure curiosity and they may serve to help set the wider scene in which the events described in the Intelligence Summary occurred.

Later I will put some photos of some of the men who died at the end of the post.

At the last moment I have had to change some of the formatting because it wouldn't publish in columns.

The Intelligence Summary of the 2/29th Battalion, 2nd AIF, 18th to 23rd January, 1942:

18 Jan 42 BAKRI 0100

A Coy in position BAKRI xrds

0600: Weather fine. Location unchanged.

0645: 5 light tanks advanced down rd + engaged by four a / tk guns using H.E. shells without effect. Fwd gun and rear gun using H.E. shells destroyed all 5 tanks – no prisoners.

0715: 3 more tanks moved down road – 400x range – put out of action by fwd a/tk gun.

0830: C Coy came under heavy automatic fire & sustained casualties. Enemy were in position in trees + must have come up during darkness. Engaged with S.A. fire and later w/ 3" mortars.

0945: One carrier went forward to silence M.Gs but on jamming Vickers was forced to withdraw, further attempts by a gunner was successful but [firing] from trees [could not] be silenced. 2 carriers badly damaged by S M G for rest of day. [A] & C Comps patrolled well forward and were in contact with the enemy force estimated to be 2 Bns.

1000: Recce patrol detailed contact Bgde HQ – forced back at rd block approx 500 x E Bn HQ.

1100: Lt Clarke killed in effort to [indecipherable]. CO decided to get through to Bgd himself+ a D.R. took him ([pinion] riding) they reached road block – came under heavy automatic fire, both wounded. D.R. turned bike and with C.O commenced return journey. C.O. fell off bike some 50x from BHQ. Capt [Gahan] using carrier picked up C.O. but he died a few minutes after reaching HQ. Major [Olliff] assumed com'd of Bn.

1200: A Coy Comd visited by 2 i/c 2/19 Bn, late by C.O. – Col Anderson, advised 2/19 were moving into area therefore A Coy should remain 2/29 Bn. Enemy road block approx 300 x from Xrds + [indec] ordered to remove it. Attempt unsuccessful but later 2/19 carriers with approx 2 sections A Coy succeeded in removing barrier. A Coy moved fwd astride rd + were forced to ground on right of road slightly fwd of where road block had been. Movement on left stopped by automatic + mortar fire – casualties 1 killed 10 wounded. 2/19 Bn mortars silenced enemy while Coy from 2/19 moved fwd on right + took up position. A Coy then moved fwd + rejoined Bn 1700 hrs.

1700: A Coy took up former position right rear.

1600 - 1700: Recce patrol under Lt McQueen went out to contact 2/19 Bn – returned after having made contact.

1800: 3 vehicles from B Echelon carrying ammn + food also 1 wireless van AASC [indec] vehicles from 2/15 [Fld Regt][indec] MACNEIL who had come up with ration truck officiate at burial of C.O., Lt Clarke + 3 Ors.

1930: Reports from C Coy that enemy force approx 100 armed with automatic weapons were preventing 18 PL from withdrawing to night perimeter positions.

Enemy force withdraws.

2000: Enemy approx 100 strong attacks 15 PL with bayonets + grenades but were driven off. 10 minutes later probably the same force attacked 14 PL when practically all enemy were [indec] off + high percentage killed – own cas 1 killed 5 wounded.

2200: A Coy ordered [indec] patrol [indec] to contact Bgde HQ. This patrol did not return Bn but subsequently was learned personnel were fighting (with) 2/19 Bn. Enemy air activity during day restricted to frequent aerial recces.

Patrolling. Patrols operated throughout night without contacting enemy.

19 Jan BAKRI

0600: Weather fine. Location unchanged.

0930: 2 scouts sent out to contact 2/19 Bn failed to do so.

1130: B.M. arrived Bn HQ + advised Bde HQ heavily bombed. He asked for a section to accompany him in an endeavour 2Bn of JATS who were reported to be on our right flank.

1330: JATS commenced to pass through our position to link up with 2/19 Bn. In movement back they encountered heavy enemy fire and considerable numbers returned to our perimeter. Attempts made to organise them

1400: Dive bomber dropped bomb vicinity BHQ no casualties

1430: B Ech moved to CORONATION [indec] KLUANG. Bombed and machine gunned from air.

1530: Enemy Arty shelled A Coy area. JATS suffered heavily and in their attempts to escape shelling crossed road between C + HQ Coys. Arty then shifted to W side of road + C Coy sustained come casualties whilst JATS suffered further heavy losses.

1630: Shelling lifted. Under mortar fire. Attack launched on B + C Coys – on B Coy front enemy attack defeated with heavy casualties. On C Coy front heavy mortar and automatic fire drove 1 PL back 50 x. C Coy counter attacked + drove enemy off for a distance 600 – 800 x.

1750: All enemy accounted for + C Coy Com'd reported positions on both fronts to C.O. Enemy shells identified as 5.9 inch.

1735: C.O.'s conference information given that 2/19 Bn had been trying to link up with us all day unsuccessfully. The Bn was now ordered to cut its way back to 2/19 Bn travelling east side of road. Order of march. A BHQ, HQ Coy, C + B Coys moving at 10 minute [intervals].

Transport to move 1815 hrs.

1815: Maj Olliff, C.O. was killed by enemy automatic fire.

A Coy which left at 1800 hrs whilst crossing open ground 300 x rear of original position came under heavy M.G. fire. Capt McNAUGHTON + Ly. CALVERT were killed + several Ors killed + wounded. O.C. + part of Coy became detached from main body. H.Q. Coy + B.H.Q. [going/arriving] further E to skirt open ground + became entangled in a swamp forcing them further E still. Lt SHELDON killed. C Coy detached 13 PL under Capt WEST to attempt to flank enemy position + clear road for transport but were unsuccessful. [This] PL [then] followed route taken by HQ Coy. B Coy followed main body of H.Q. Coy + reached 2/19 Bn without further casualties.

1930: Capt. MORGAN [indec] gathered parties which had [indec] E and formed a body consisting of 7 officers + 150 Ors – set off across country in direction of YONG PENG.

O.C. B Coy Capt MAHER assumed Com'd 2/29 Bn consisted of B Coy (3 Officers 100 Ors) C. Coy (3 Officers 45 Ors) A Coy (45 Ors) whilst organising this force at BAKRI Xrds it came under heavy M.G. fire. No casualties. The force moved inside 2/19 Bn perimeter + bedded down for night. 5 Carriers + 2 a/tk guns acting as rear guard remained in position until B Coy were clear of area.

1930: A/tk guns demobilised 2 Carriers attempted to get past road block one being successful in getting around it the other being abandoned. Other 3 Carriers demobilised. Crews together with R.M.O., 6 walking wounded + a/tk personnel moved N. And following night linked up with 2/19 Bn.

20 Jan BAKRI

Weather fine. Location – within 2/19 Bn perimeter.

0600: C.O. 2/19 Bn issued orders for withdrawal. A + C Coys organised as 2 PLs joined D Coy 2/19 Bn moving out left of formation. B Coy acted as rear guard. Start time 0730 hrs.

0900: Enemy M.G. position on right rd held up movement approx 1 hr finally silenced by attack under personal leadership of Lt. Col ANDERSON.

1200: Strong road block on road with M.Gs on road block also both sides of road – leading Coys pinned and unable to move.

1330: Lt. COOTES with remains of C Coy less Coy HQ ordered to make way across swamp on left + through jungle to attack on flank of left M.G. position to support frontal attack by remainder D + C Coys 2/19 Bn.

1415: 18 PL 2/19 Bn sent by same route as Lt. COOTES, as nothing had been heard of his party.

1500: Fire commenced on left of enemy later identified as that of 18 PL + frontal attack commenced with our A Coy in lead.

1530: Lt CARR Com'd A Coy when 100 yards from enemy guns was ordered by 2 i/c of 2/19 Bn to charge position. Leading his men he was killed + very heavy automatic fire forced remainder to withdraw.

1630: Fire heard from rear of enemy position turned out to be from LT COOTE's force.

Knowing strength of enemy he was ordered to withdraw and was not seen again.

1730: Fresh frontal attack by C Coy 2/19 Bn on right and A Coy 2/29 left supported by mortars + Carriers. 2/29 personnel reached point approx 50 x enemy position but C Coy 2/19 and Carriers were pinned 200 x short of objective.

1900: Withdrawal of 2/29 Bn personnel ordered by D Coy Com'd 2/19 Bn. Carried out without loss after 2 enemy MG put out of action with grenades.

1930: C Coy 2/19 Bn attacked on right of road and drove them out. Then B Coy 2/29 went through whole enemy position with bayonet and cleared out any remaining enemy. Road block cleared with axes. Stopped 2000 hrs. B Ech endeavoured to get rations through but failed.


21 Jan PARIT SULONG

0600: Weather fine. Location 4 miles E. PARIT SULONG.

D.R. had reported that PARIT SULONG Brdge had sandbagged barrier manned by either Malay or Japanese troops.

0730: Column reaches road running N to KAN KAR

Recce observed bridge held by enemy. 50 men from 2/29 Bn detailed to assist in attack on bridge but returned to rear guard when attack on rear started.

0800: Remainder 2/29 Bn acted as rear guard. Capt MAHER right Capt BOWRING left. 1 25 Pdr placed on position at [indec] corner when enemy attack developed from rear – some casualties in Arty + own personnel. Main attack came through scrub on left of road but was driven off by party from 2/29 Bn and Indians [indec].

New line formed 400 x E of KANKAR Xrds.

[1000]: 3 enemy heavy tanks penetrated Xrds – 2 put out of action by Arty + one disabled by fire from A/TK rifle. [Indec] remainder of day several small attacks beaten off on 2/29 front while attempts were made by 2/19 Bn to clear bridge. Sporadic shelling all day.

1630: R.M.O. 2/19 Bn suggested to Com'd 2/19 Bn that wounded should be placed on trucks + moved to rd block in case Japs would allow them through. Approx 15 badly wounded cases placed on 1 Amb + 1 [indec] vehicle. Jap Com'd refused to allow them through unless there was a complete surrender of the force. Vehicles retained as extra road block but during night drivers released brakes and vehicles reached our lines.

1800: Capt LOVETT and 7 Ors wounded by shell fire.

1930: 3 tanks penetrated to Xrds + opened fire. Under this fire several enemy with automatics advanced toward position. 1 sgt manned the gun at the road at rear of position + drove off tanks.

2030: 5 more tanks advanced along road one of them reaching a point only 50 x ahead of 25 pdr. An A.P. shell failed to [indec] the first tank but when HE used tank blown to pieces. Shells disabled at least 2 more tanks.

2100 – 2200: Capt MAHER wounded by [indec] + moved to R.A.P....killed when shell blew up car in which he had been placed.

B Ech CORONATION [indec] near KLUANG. All men essential transport moved to special pool.

22nd Jan PARIT SULONG

0600: Weather fine. Location unchanged.

0630: Enemy Arty, mortars and MG fire brought down on position. Fire returned by our own mortars – shelling continued all morning.

0800: 3 of our aircraft dropped containers of food and medical supplies, latter especially needed as stocks of morphia exhausted.

0830: 5 enemy tanks came through rubber on right of road to within 50 x of our position. C.O. 2/19 Bn decision to break contact and withdraw.

0930: C.O. orders to withdraw by Coys moving approx 2 miles N then E to YONG PENG. Walking wounded accompanied main party, balance wounded had to be left. Amb made further attempt to get through but came under heavy fire + forced into river. Whole force crosses river during day + spends night in swamps near SRI MEDAH. B Ech – KLUANG but could not make contact with Bn.

1700 23rd Jan YONG PENG

Weather fine. Party started to arrive at YONG PENG. Move by MT to B Ech after reporting to Bde HQ. Other parties moved direct to GBD JOHORE BAHRU. B Ech moved to 45 ¼ mile peg JOHORE BAHRU. Hot boxes rations + cigarette left in charge of 2/30 Bn about 2 miles from YONG PENG. [Indec] has continued through

1800: B Ech fed 192 2/19 Bn, 25 2/15 Fd Regt, 58 2/29 Bn, 1 8 Div Sigs. Nearly all troops refitted as D.A.D.O.S.

2130: Last party reached YONG PENG.


Next day the total strength of 2/29 Bn had reached 130 men.



Other documents from the file at AWM:



HQ 27 Aust Inf Bde SECRET

INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY BASED ON INFORMATION RECEIVED UP TO 2100 hrs 2 DEC 41


ENEMY:

Troop movements: Continues Japanese activity SAIGONG – HAIPHONG (?) incl arrival 5 Div. This Div is experienced in Beach landings.

AIR ACTIVITY:

Steady increase JAPANESE Fighter and bomber squadron F I C during past month.

OWN TPS:

Field defences: Anti-personnel mines are being laid in certain [this 'certain' is handwritten above a crosses out 'Central'] Coastal Area.

SEDILI BOOM: Engrs closing boom. Arrangements will probably be made for river craft to pass at certain periods of the day.

Impressment of river craft: Action is being taken to obtain necessary craft for ENDAU, vessels being hired only.

Air activity: Continued recce seaward.


SIGNATURES HERE



2/29 Bn AIF

MALAYA

2
DEC '41


AUSTRALIAN IMPERIAL FORCES

ROUTINE ORDERS BY LT-COL J C ROBERSTON, NC, VD.

  1. DUTIES. Duty Coy Mounting RETREAT 2 DEC '41 HQ Coy

    Next for duty " " 3 " C Coy

    Orderly Officer " " 2 " Lieut N J GANAN (?)

    Next for duty " " 3 " Lieut N B SMITH (?)

  2. UNION JACK CLUN. SINGAPORE. Attention is drawn to the fact that the Union Jack Club, SINGAPORE, is NOT open to Officers.
  3. DRESS. Several cases have been noticed of AIF personnel without shirts driving vehicles in public places, including SINGAPORE.

    Instructions have been issued that such disregard of regulations as to dress will result in the offenders being immediately charged with disobedience of orders as to dress.


    SIGNATURE HERE

    NOTICE.

    A.C.F Comforts. Cigarette papers were not included in issue for the month of Novembers as no stocks were available.


    Lost, 1 set of Identification discs, marked VX 37335 PROSSER F. Finder please return to BN HQ.





2/29 Bn AIF

MALAYA

3rd December ' 41

SCALE OF KIT TO BE CARRIED BY OR's FOR MOVE OPERATIONAL STATION

On person or in haversack

In pack on truck

Total

Hat

Shirt

Shorts T/U

Vests

Underpants

Socks

Hose Tops

Puttees

Boots

Laces spare

Identity discs

Field Dressing

Knives clasp

Rifle and Bayonet (or Pistol) & amn

Respirator, cotton waste, eyeshields, & ointment

Set of web equipment

Anit-malarial cream

Knife, fork and spoon

Mess tin

Emergency ration

Ration bag

Torch

Toilet kit

Towels

Water proof cape (AUSTRALIAN ISSUE)

Canvas shoes

Mug

Pay book

Housewife

Writing material

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

-

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

4

2

1

5

1

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

5

3

2

6

2

1

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1


On truck – Helmet stool, or as ordered

Blanker

Net & rods

Ground sheet




SECRET

WEPI

21 DEC '41

MAIN FEATURES OF ENEMY TACTICS.

The main features of enemy tactics so far have been as follows:-

  1. Simple verbal orders for attack on definite objectives. Great powers of endurance and no type of ground can be considered an obstacle. E.g., Creeks and small rivers are crossed by means of inflated rubber belts. Advance through jungle by Company columns precede by patrols which find flanks and infiltrate and HQ staff assemble in rear.

  1. Attack by formed bodies pressed with great determination in defence, forward patrols go to ground allowing attack to pass through, then open fire on rear. Small bore ammunition inflicts minor wounds. Grenades are not as effective as ours and mortar ammunition has no blast effect. Considerable use made of small tanks which can traverse rubber with infantry penetrating.
  2. Enemy tactics calculated to defeat static or linear defence and has considerable moral effect on troops taking enemy in rear. Best answer is systems of posts each self contained and with all round defence acting as pivots of manoeuvre for aggressive reserve.


The above is extract of KATI message 0 857 of 20 Dec '41


SIGNATURE HERE



SECRET 2/29 Bn A.I.F

No 69 H E GRENADE

  1. The No 69 Grenade is a HE grenade for use against AFVs, transport or any other type of mechanization. It is a percussion type, i.e. it explodes on impact and has a very powerful local destructive ability. This grenade is essentially and anit AFV weapon and must not be used as anit personnel.
  2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
    1. Lenght – approx 4 ½ inches
    2. Diameter – approx 2 ½ inches
    3. Weight – approx 3 / 4 lb
    4. Type – percussion HE
    5. The grenade consists of a barrel shaped black baelite casing with the usual HE markings, with a cylindrical shaped cap on the top containing the firing mechanism.
    6. The no 69 HE grenade is packed in tinned boxes containing 34 grenades, and two containers each holding 18 detonators.
  3. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS – The following inspection must always be carried out before handling the grenade: -
    1. Remove base plug to see that the grenade is not primed.
    2. Remove safety cap and ensure that the safety pin and tape are in position.
  4. MECHANISM – The grenade functions in the following manner: - During flight, the weight on the safety tape drags the tape from the grenade, thus removing the safety pin. On impact, the shock forces the firing ball on to the face of the striker, which moves down into the striker guide there compressing the striker spring. The nipples on the striker contact the firing cap which explodes, the flash passes into the open end of the detonator which then explodes and in turn, fires the HE in the outer casing.
  5. EMPLOYMENT – As indicated in para 1 above the grenade is for use against AFVs against which it is very effective. It should not under any circumstances be used against personnel excepting in an emergency and when no other effective weapon is available, as no effect can be expected from fragmentation and unless a very vulnerable target is offered, very [few / little (?)] casualties would result from concussion. The grenade should be thrown into the tracks of AFVs to damage the tracks or driving sprocket or if possible, into the interior of the vehicle to damage the internal mechanism or engine. It may also be used with effect by throwing at any openings such as visors for driver or gunner.
  6. PRIMING – The method of priming is as follows:- First carry out the safety precautions detailed in para 3 above. Ensure that the safety pin is in position with the tape correctly wound, then replace safety cap. Insert detonator open end first, into the bottom of the grenade and replace base plug. Detonators must be handled by the open end only and should not be left in the sun. They are extremely sensitive to heat and may be ignited by the heat of the hand with adverse results to the person concerned.
  7. THROWING – First ensure that the grenade is primed. Then remove the safety cap and ensure that the safety pin and tape are in position. For throwing, adopt the normal stance, with the grenade held in the hand WITH THE THUMB ON THE WEIGHT OF THE SAFETY TAPE. The grenade may then be thrown in and normal overarm manner, with force, at the target, the tape and safety pin falling off during flight. It is important that the safety pin and tape are in position during the throwing motion for is this is neglected the action of the throw may cause the grenade to explode in the hand of the thrower.



AUSTRALIAN IMPERIAL FORCER 27 DEC '41

ROUTINE ORDERS BY [INDECIPHERABLE] I Comd

PART 1 No 256

  1. MEDICAL AND HYGIENE. Too much stress cannot be laid on the viligant [sic] maintonance [sic] of all medical, hygiene and danitary measures. Attention is drawn ro ADMS Circular 39 of 21 DEC '41 as well as regulation laid down in ASO, and previous Medical instns. Observance of these provisions is in all respects as vital as operational measures.
  2. OBSERVATION OF ORDERS. Attention is drawn to the necessity for all ranks adhering to orders given and paying no attention to rumours coming from unauthorised sources that orders have been varied. An illustration is the spread of a rumour that regulations relating to brownout driving conditions have been changed,
  3. TRAFFIC CONTROL. All MT and Carriers crossing wooden bridges will reduce speed to fifteen (15) m.p.h. Speeding loosens bridge spikes and no maintenance is available.
  4. SALVAGE AND TRT GENERALLY. No vehicle will move unloaded unless no loads are available. Salvage will always be loaded if available. MT may move to SINGAPORE to purchase supplementary rations and canteen stores. Such vehicles must carry loads and must proceed in convoy. Permission must be obtained before vehicles move, and one Causeway pass will be issued for the convoy.
  5. CAUSEWAY. All military MT crossing from JB must obtain a pass from GANU
  6. CARE OF MT. The tendency to speed up must be curbed. Replacement repair and spare parts are increasingly difficult. This must be impressed on all ranks. Motor cyclists particularly are riding at excessive speeds.
  7. CHURCH SERVICES, SUNDAY 28 DEC ' 41

    Combined

  8. M.T. All drivers are to be warned that vehicles must NOT be driven on the field of the Aerodrome unless extreme emergency exists.

    SIGNATURE HERE



AUSTRALIAN IMPERIAL FORCES 30 DEC 41

ROUTING ORDERS BY JIXA COMD


  1. 2" MORTAR. Numerous reports have been received of broken firing pins. These may be caused by the following error in operation:-

    The Mortar is fitted with a firing handle which should not be pressed until the bomb is at rest. Gunners have been observed holding the firing handle so that the firing pin protrudes during loading, and firing is then similar in operation to that of the 3" Mortar. This must NOT be done. The bomb must NOT be allowed to fall onto the firing pin.

    As the cause of the trouble has not yet been accurately diagnosed Units are requested to examine carefully every broken firing pin and call upon the services of the OME for investigation.

    Is there any tendency for the firing pin to jamb?

    If the "Spring, firing pin" is enlarged at one end, the enlarged coil is to be inserted towards the muzzle.

  2. DISPOSAL OF TOTAL CASUALTIES. In the event of fatal casualties the following action will be taken as soon as practicable after the occurrence :-
    1. BN HQ will be immediately informed and W3011 rendered.
    2. Paybook, red identity disc, cash and all other articles of a personal nature will be removed from the body, an inventory made out, and forwarded to Bn HQ.
    3. All items of clothing and equipment will be collected, and inventory made, and forwarded to QM who will dispose of these as follows :-
      1. Arms and equipment will be disposed of in the usual manner.
      2. Issue clothing will be treated as salvage.
      3. Items of personal clothing will be forwarded to 2 Ech.
    4. At Bn HQ, paybook and cash will be handed to Pay Sgt who will make necessary entries in paybook and forward both paybook and cash to 8 Div Fd Cash Office.
    5. Red identity disc and all other personal articles likely to be of a sentimental value will be forwarded by registered DR to 2 Ech (accompanied by inventory) from whence it is sent to Next of Kin.
    6. W3314 is rendered by Bn HQ, 1 copy to Assistant Chaplain General and 1 copy to 2 Ech.
  3. EVACUATIONS TO HOSPITAL. Attention is again directed to the necessity of carrying out the correct procedure in regard to personnel who are evacuated to hospital. In spite of frequent instns obvious carelessness still occurs in some evacuations. It is the responsibility of the Coy concerned to ensure that when men leave their sub unit they are in possession of Paybook, F200, WF140, B122, Dental Card (if available), identification discs, steel helmet, rifle and equipment and ALL other belongings. It is the responsibility of the RMO to see that personnel are in possession of the correct documents, equipment and all personal gear. The evacuation is to be reported to Bn Hq by the RAP, and by the Coy on W3011.

    SIGNATURE HERE




Monday, December 28, 2009

Kevin Rudd, the ETS and the Prisoner’s Dilemma

Kevin Rudd is caught in the most pure example of the Prisoner's Dilemma in post-War Australian political history. How he progresses the whole environment debate re the ETS and the reaction to the Copenhagen fiasco will be a severe test for his own ethical scaffolding. For Kevin Rudd this Dilemma traps him in the gap that has always existed between his Christian virtue-ethic and his Labor traditional realpolitik utilitarianism. Now I am not going to claim that utilitarianism is opposite to a virtue based ethic, I would in fact claim that underpinning utilitarianism is its own view of virtue regarding the individual, that is that an individual should be free, independent and as autonomous as possible within a rule governed society. But having said that the situation Kevin currently finds himself in throws into sharp relief the problems inherent in his trying to appear as if his ethical raison d'etre is virtue based while it is a plain fact that seizing political power requires a certain level of let's say malleability in framing one's virtue in the light of the ways in which political machinery demands manipulation in order for power to be attained. I sincerely think Kevin is spending the Christmas holidays squirming his soul through the sieve the dilemma presents in an honest attempt to find a way out. Whether he can or not will be interesting.

The Prisoner's Dilemma

There are two prisoners, kept separate from each other and asked to confess to some crime. If A confesses and B doesn't then A goes free and B gets 10 years, or vice versa if B confesses. If both confess they both get 5 years. If neither confesses they both get 6 months. In normal readings of this game it is most commonly asserted that the best thing to do is confess, because in any situation you are going to be relatively better off by confessing if the other prisoner confesses. But obviously you would both be better off if neither of you confessed. This is cited as an example of when rationality can lead to the not-best solution to a problem.

But if you believe your co-prisoner is a rational being some would say you are better not to confess. That is, if you can think that your co-prisoner knows that you know that if you confess it would be rationally better, but that your co-prisoner also knows that you know the co-prisoner knows this, and you can therefore both assume that both parties are assuming the other one knows this, then surely, by logical extension, you can assume that your co-prisoner also knows that you know that the best thing to do is not confess, and that you know the co-prisoner knows you know this, so that you know your co-prisoner knows that by logical extension you will not confess and thus won't confess.

So don't confess, unless you want to be a bastard and send your co-prisoner down for ten years and walk away scott free. But again, if you think you should do this and you consider your co-prisoner rational you would need to think your co-prisoner knows you know of this option, and you will reject it because you also know your co-prisoner knows you know your co-prisoner knows you know this option, and that your co-prisoner, knowing this, would confess but for the fact she knows you know this and therefore wont do it because you understand it's better not to confess.

Put another way, and as others have also suggested, one elemental part of this dilemma is that you can not communicate with your co-prisoner. This needs to be central to the dilemma because obviously if you could communicate you would both agree not to confess. So if you imagine for a moment that within this imaginary game there is a radio by which you can both communicate. If you could communicate you would both agree not to confess. Now realise that the presence or absence of the radio has no bearing on the logical steps you need to take in deciding whether to confess or not, the radio would just be a comforting device that you would both use to reaffirm to each other the (as it would appear if you were talking on the radio) obvious fact that the best thing to do is not confess. So don't confess.

And lastly, there are (admittedly deliberate) gaps in the story of the dilemma, most importantly for someone attempting to hold a virtue based ethic is whether or not you actually did the crime of which you are being accused. For a person with a virtue based ethic this is crucial and would almost certainly dictate which way you went, regardless of the resultant number of days of cold porridge.

But I don't really want to go on about the Dilemma as it can get really circular and tricky as you can imagine. My point is that Kevin is stuck in one now.

How is Kevin Rudd stuck in the Prisoner's Dilemma?

It will appear as if carrying on with the ETS is like deliberately not confessing when you know your co-prisoner is going to confess. You know Kevin knows this by the immediately invented phrase that Australia will go only so far as the rest of the world in terms of carbon reduction but no further, which is the most ridiculous phrase I have heard in Australian politics in a long time. It completely drains his position of any virtue.

Because:

Either Kevin believes the world is reducing its carbon usage enough or he believes it is not. One would suspect he thinks it is not, or else he would not have attempted to bring in the ETS nor bothered going to Copenhagen (unless it was for the beer or the weather or something).

If he believes it is not, then reducing our own carbon emissions only in line with the rest of the world is just completely contradictory to his own belief that the reductions are not enough. If he believes that the rest of the world is reducing carbon emissions at the correct rate to the correct levels then there is clearly no need for an ETS.

The only two 'rational' responses are:

  1. Continue with the ETS anyway.
  2. Forget about it.

The problem with 1. is that continuing with the ETS when the rest of the world refuses to come along leaves the rest of the world at a perceived economic advantage. This will be translated inevitably and instantly by the Opposition into a picture of Kevin perpetrating economic sabotage on his own country in the name of alleviating an environmental problem that many in the Opposition (and in the community) believe is itself a furphy, and that anyway were it true will now not be alleviated by the ETS as the rest of the world is backing out/not interested. The Opposition will make merry hell with this, I can envision them already gaggling about haggling over who will get to do the speaking in Question Time.

The problem with 2. is that he will lose large sections of voters and the Opposition will crow with victory.

Now these few sentences above have a distinctly 'utilitarian' flavour to them in that they are framed in basic political terms. But we should never forget that running parallel to the above will be Kevin's own I think deeply held virtue ethic that he should attempt to do the 'right' (big-picture style) thing, which in Kevin's mind is almost certainly going to be reduce carbon emissions through the ETS. Not because of what the rest of the world may or may not do but because reducing carbon emissions through an ETS is just plainly the right thing to do (for Kevin). Or ipso facto, not reducing carbon emissions by the levels attainable through an ETS would be to deliberately do something he believes is morally (in a virtue sense) wrong. And he's been going around telling us he believes it would be morally wrong not to introduce an ETS for the last year.

So for Kevin the choice is do what he believes is morally right in a virtue sense and take a severe beating in the polls and risk his government (if he continues to believe it is morally right to have an ETS when the rest of the world doesn't), which risk itself is also an affront to his ethical picture in terms of the 'whatever it takes' ethos of the Labor Party, ie. How can it be morally defensible to deliberately let the Coalition take power?

Or, drop it and try to win back the green constituency in some other way. Probably by attempting to reframe the whole debate away from an ETS, or by introducing calibration to the legislation that only commits Australia to staged introduction in concert with the rest of the world. 'Subject to certain conditions', as Humphrey might have said.

Neither of these positions is ethically 'nice' and both of them are eminently exploitable even by the current conga line of dimwits and UFOlogists who make up the Opposition.

It will certainly be an interesting couple of months.

I expect to hear a message along these lines from Labor:

'A balanced approach that seeks to reduce our own carbon emissions while at the same time securing the nation's economic potential.'

What none of them (internationally) have come to accept is that at some point economic potential and environmental security will be incompatible if economic potential remains defined as ever increasing industrial growth. I am sure many understand this, but they do not yet accept it as an acceptable price to pay, and that's understandable if your country is made up of 800 million angry hungry peasants. It's understandable, but not acceptable.

I have only sympathy for poor Kevin stuck in this vice. For I suspect he knows also that when it comes down to it the genesis of this problem is not in the political machinations of nations but in the minds of the people who make up those nations, all of them.


 

With thanks to the people who taught me about the Prisoner's Dilemma.